In three years the population has declined from around 220 to a more manageable 140, allowing the golf club to establish a new tourist adventure for visitors.

According to the club’s leading volunteer researcher ‘Kangaroo Phil’ Murray, prior to 2012 the club had little data on the number and habits of the predominantly eastern grey kangaroos - despite their presence on the course since 1955.

‘‘It’s been over three years since Sydney University researcher Dr Catherine Herbert and Nelson Bay Golf Club joined forces as part of a kangaroo research and fertility control program,’’ Mr Murray said.

‘‘The results have been outstanding, helping both reduce and manage the number of kangaroos, which are a much loved and integral part of the course.

Dr Herbert said the predominant cause of death on the course was trauma.

‘‘The young are particularly susceptible to predation by feral dogs or foxes while adults are more susceptible to collisions with motor vehicles,’’ she said.

‘‘Additional causes of trauma include one incident of an animal being shot with a bow and arrow and another most likely caused by a golf ball strike.’’

Dr Herbert added one of the key management issues was nuisance digging behaviour on the course.

‘‘We have established that [they] dig in specific areas of the course for the purpose of consuming soil. Having a better understanding of... this behaviour will help us develop more effective damage mitigation strategies.’’

To fund the ongoing costs of kangaroo research and care, the club has established a new tourist attraction called Kangaroo Encounters.

“It’s for people who are interested in the research project and overseas visitors who would welcome a chance to learn about kangaroos and take up-close photos in a safe manner,’’ Mr Murray said. 

The hour-long tours are conducted just before sunset most Mondays and cost $15 per person or $25 for families.